GATE 2019 Solution Question and Answers with fully Explanation

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                                          GATE 2019 Solution

                                    Question and Answers with fully Explanation
                       With reference books and page  no.
By:- Aarif Khan
       Answer:-   C
     Explanation:- In a bicollateral bundle, the phloem is both outside and inside the xylem,       Cucurbitaceae (the cucumber family).
                                      
Ref. https://www.google.co.in/search?      q=the+family+show+bicollateral+vascular+bundle&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirlquz5KzgAhXDAnIKHXKAATcQ_AUICSgA&biw=1366&bih=577&dpr=1



Answer:-   A

  Explanation:- Raphides are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate as the monohydrate or       calcium carbonate as aragonite, found in more than 200 families of plants. Both ends are needle-like, but raphides tend to be blunt at one end and sharp at the other.



Refrence:https://www.google.co.in/search?q=raphide&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiosd3L5azgAhUDbysKHQqMDosQ_AUICSgA&biw=1366&bih=577&dpr=1


Answer:- B
Explanation:- An arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas, a.k.a. endomycorrhiza) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus (AM fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscules.



Answer:-   C
Explanation:- The basic model of the primary wall is a network of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses, pectins.
Ref. Taiz and Zieger Plant Physiology page. 315



                                          
    Answer:-  D
 Referance
     https://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=577&ei=S

    

                             

Answer:-   C
Expalnation:- Peroxisomes contain at least 50 different enzymes, which are involved in a variety of biochemical pathways in different types of cells. Peroxisomes originally were defined as organelles that carry out oxidation reactions leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide . Because hydrogen peroxide is harmful to the cell, peroxisomes also contain the enzyme catalase, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide either by converting it to water or by using it to oxidize another organic compound.
Referance:- Cell Biology Cooper page 463


Answers :- D
Explanation :- Nitric oxide is synthesized from the amino acid Arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Once synthesized , NO diffuse out of the cell and can act locally to affect nearby cells. In mammals , one well  characterized example of NO action is to relax smooth muscle. This cause dilation of blood vessels.
Referance:- Fundamental and Practice of Life Sciences pathfinder(1) page no. 341.     3.20.6



Answer:- A
Explanation :-  The activated signaling intermediate binds to DELLA repressor proteins in the nucleus.
The DELLA repressors are degraded when bound to the GA signal.
The inactivation of the DELLA repressors allows the expression of the MYB gene, as well as other genes, to proceed through transcription, processing, and translation.
Extensins is Cell wall loosening enzymes
  
Ref. Taiz and Zieger Plant Physiology page. 489 see diagram

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